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Two views of a pre-European pa on the Patea River, Taranaki. Access ways to the central platform(s) are defended by double ditches.
View of Pukerangiora pa of 1859-1863 (New Zealand Wars), on the Waitara River.
Another view of Pukerangiora pa showing the pre-European or early nineteenth-century enclosures.
This photo shows a double sap (trench dug by the British towards the Maori lines).
193-076R.jpg (461772 bytes) Patea River Mouth viewed looking southeast. Marae and Patea redoubt on the left side above the river.
193-077R.jpg (411815 bytes) Manawapou River mouth looking northeast. There are many collapsed rua on the level ground above the seacliff. Thacker’s redoubt is at top centre.
193-078R.jpg (30532 bytes)  Manawapou River mouth looking west. Inman’s redoubt is near the centre. The depressions at the head of the slope below the redoubt are hut sites.
193-079R.jpg (62621 bytes) Thacker’s redoubt. The circular ditch and bank nearby is probably the base of haystack (the ditch and bank kept sheep out).
193-080R.jpg (243307 bytes) Pa near a rail bridge about 6 km southeast of Hawera
193-081R.jpg (451584 bytes) Ohangai pa near Hawera. The pa has many collapsed ruas and the two wavy oval structures are thought to be tracks where horses pulled the arm of a whim which drove a flour mill.
193-082R.jpg (482946 bytes) Pa, Te Ruaki five kilometres east of Hawera. The site is probably pre-European in origin and was last occupied during the early 1830s when a raiding party from Waikato besieged and took it.
193-083R.jpg (494978 bytes) Another view of Te Ruaki. The outer enclosure to the left of the deeply entrenched main pa is thought to be of late construction possibly 1830s.
193-084R.jpg (487559 bytes) A pa northeast of Hawera.
193-085R.jpg (268534 bytes) Another pa with multiple transverse ditches and banks northeast of Hawera.
193-086R.jpg (454242 bytes) Two ring-ditch pa on rolling hill country west of Hawera near the airport.
193-087R.jpg (428711 bytes) Waimate (the island of cliff on the left) and Orangi-Tuapeka (the peninsula on the right), on the coastal reach of the Kapuni River, south of Manaia. In 1834 Waimate was the scene of the first bombardment of a pa by a British warship (HMS Alligator) after the wreck of the Harriet and the holding captive of some passengers. Also on the mainland south of the steep gully edge, a number of small dimples can be detected. These are collapsed rua (storage pits).
193-088R.jpg (189960 bytes) South Taranaki landscape
193-090R.jpg (423556 bytes) 90 Kaupkonui River mouth
193-092R.jpg (259961 bytes) 92 Manaia Redoubt and blockhouses
193-093R.jpg (437069 bytes) South Taranaki Pa
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193-095R.jpg (525842 bytes) South Taranaki Pa
193-096R.jpg (482925 bytes) South Taranaki Pa
193-097R.jpg (484761 bytes) South Taranaki Pa
193-098R.jpg (527702 bytes) South Taranaki Pa
193-099R.jpg (463609 bytes) South Taranaki Pa
193-100R.jpg (495634 bytes) Gunfighter pa, Oika and another pa, Whennuakura River, South Taranaki.